Wednesday, September 25, 2013

WRITERLY WISDOM: Judy Cox





CREATING ANTHROPOMORPHIC CHARACTERS
By Judy Cox

Grumpy bears, curious mice, lost toasters—the world of children’s literature abounds with animals and objects that act like people. Giving “people” traits to things or animals is human nature—just eavesdrop on a child playing with a favorite toy, or a doting pet owner speaking for her pet. People love to pretend that non-humans think and talk and feel just like we do.  
Here are a few of the reasons why children love books with anthropomorphic characters:
  • Anthropomorphic characters are gender, age, and ethnicity neutral, allowing a child to project their own image on them.
  • Anthropomorphic characters can be stand-ins for adults, allowing children to engage in grown up activities like living by themselves, driving, cooking, or throwing parties.
  • Anthropomorphic characters can be stand-ins for children—behaving in exaggerated ways that real children could not.
Children’s literature reflects our love of anthropomorphic characters, whether they are animals, toys, or objects. Animals make particularly appealing characters, and I have used many in my books, both picture books and those for mid-grade readers. Anthropomorphic animals fall into three groups:

1. ANIMALS THAT ACT LIKE CHILDREN:

Franklin by Paulette Bourgeois, Arthur by Marc Brown, Frances by Russell Hoban, Olivia by Ian Falconer, Kevin Henkes’ mice,  One is a Feast for Mouse by Judy Cox

2. ANIMALS THAT ACT LIKE ADULTS

Babar by Jean de Brunhoff, A Visitor for Bear by Bonnie Becker, Go to Sleep, Groundhog! By Judy Cox, Redwall by Brian Jacques, Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Graham

3. ANIMALS THAT ACT LIKE ANIMALS, BUT WITH HUMAN TRAITS

Watership Down by Richard Adams, Charlotte’s Web by E. B. White, The Case of the Purloined Professor by Judy Cox

Of course, animals aren’t the only anthropomorphic characters in children’s books. Here are some other examples:

  • TOYS -- Winnie-the-Pooh by A. A. Milne, The Velveteen Rabbit by Margery Williams, Corduroy by Don Freeman
  • OBJECTSThe Brave Little Toaster by Thomas Disch, The Spoon by Amy Rosenthal, The Pencil by Allan Ahlberg, The Little Yellow Leaf by Carin Berger
  • MACHINESKaty and the Big Snow by Virginia Lee Burton, The Little Engine that Could by Watty Piper, Thomas the Tank Engine by Rev. W. Awdry

WRITING ANTHROPOMORPHIC CHARACTERS

First, decide how human to make your character. There is a spectrum of behavior to consider—will your characters be completely human? George and Martha in James Marshall’s series never behave like real hippos.
Maybe you’ll want your characters to act more like animals, like the duck family in Make Way for Ducklings by Robert McCloskey. Mrs. And Mrs. Mallard have human feelings, but they always behave like ducks.
Perhaps your characters will be somewhere in between, like Frederick and Ishbu, brother rats, in my Tails of Frederick and Ishbu series. My rats climb, jump, swim, and gnaw—like real rats--and I use these attributes, as well as animal behaviors like brushing whiskers, scratching, and marking territory, in all of their adventures. Unlike real animals, however, Frederick and Ishbu also talk to each other (although not to humans), and Frederick can read.
Sometimes, the choice is up to the illustrator, not the author. Initially, I imagined Mouse (One is a Feast for Mouse) as a real mouse. The illustrator chose to dress him in a striped T-shirt and glasses—a brilliant move, by the way!


Whether you choose to clothe your character or keep them au naturel, balance animal characteristics with people characteristics so you don’t end up with the dreaded “people in animal clothes” syndrome in which the animals do nothing animal-ish. Keep characters true to their animal nature—fish gotta swim, birds gotta fly! Besides curious mice, cuddly bunnies, and grumpy bears you can also play against type—a shy lion or an owl who isn’t as wise as he thinks.
Your anthropomorphic characters must be as three dimensional as human characters. They need charm and personality, as well as a goal and a conflict.

WHAT NOT TO DO

  • Avoid overdoing the cute factor. Too much sugar becomes cloying.
  • Avoid alliterative names. They’ve been so overdone that they are clichéd.
  • Avoid strange or unappealing beasts that children find repulsive.
  • Avoid following the above guidelines too closely!

             Be thoughtful about inanimate objects. When I first started writing, I was given the advice to never use non-toy objects as main characters. The reasoning was that inanimate objects are not as innately appealing as animals or toys. That said, there have recently been a number of successful children’s books that feature objects—leaves, tableware, machines--as main characters, proving (once again) that rules are made to be broken!
Whether toy, animal, or object, the only unbreakable rule is that your characters must appeal to readers, both children and adults. A main character must be someone the reader can identify with, someone the reader can root for through trial and tribulation. In the end, it’s the quality of the story and the writing that are important—traits that are true for any good children’s book.




Judy Cox is the author of twenty-six award winning children’s books, including many with animal characters. In 2009, the first book in the Mouse series (Holiday House), One is a Feast for Mouse, won an Anne Izard Storytellers Choice Award.  Her latest book is Ukulele Hayley, (Holiday House 2013) which features humans acting like humans.



14 comments:

  1. Replies
    1. Hi Christine! I think Judy did a fabulous job on this post...soooo informative...;~)

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!

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  2. Love your post, Donna! Thanks so much for sharing!

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    1. Hi Sue! Thank you for your kind words but it is all Judy's wonderful writerly wisdom...I just share it with the world...;~)

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!

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  3. Great post. I look at many of the books in the children's section of the book store, and I often wonder, "How the heck did this get published?" But then, some of the silliest books are amusing my grandchildren, making them laugh while reading, and they want to read that same book over and over and over! How I would love to create a children's book like that! And what a legacy that would be, eh?

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    1. Hi Karen! I feel exactly the same way. I wrote a middle grade chapter book which I read part of to my summer camp kids last year and they loved it. I know that's like saying, "ohhhh, my family LOVES my writing and thinks I should publish my stories! ;~) Doesn't necessarily mean they actually ARE worthy of publishing but I felt pretty good by they response just the same...lol...

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!

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  4. I love Judy Cox's books!! My favorite is One is a Feast for Mouse! In fact, I LOVE this book. It s just perfect. I reviewed it on my blog. I'll include the link with this comment.
    http://wp.me/p22d5X-r6
    Thanks for an excellent post :•)

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    1. Hi Penny! I love that book as well! I read tons of picture books and didn't actually realize that was one of hers until I received her post and then I thought, "OMG! I LOVE that book!" ;~)

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!

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  5. I LOVE the Redwall series! It's sad that Mr. Jacques died 3 years ago. :( This post will come in handy! I always wanted to write one of these books. :)

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    1. HI Erik! I'm glad you are finding all kinds of useful information with this series. It was one of the reasons I created it...to help young, new authors like you with a foundation of writerly wisdom to help them on their journey...only time will tell if I've succeeded in my efforts...;~)

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!

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  6. Interesting post and tips! Will come by again to see what other tips are provided! Thanks for coming by my blog. Writer’s Mark

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    1. Hi Nancy and welcome to my blog! If you check out the WRITERLY WISDOM page in my sidebar you will see all the previous posts in this series all in one place for your perusing enjoyment...;~)

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!





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  7. I didn't realize there were so many books with human-like animals. I loved Charlotte's Web as a child and even carried around a stuffed pig for a while.

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    1. Hi Jennfer! I thought Charlotte's Web was one of the most magical books when I was growing up...;~)

      Thanks for stopping by and come back any time!

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